Cytotoxicity

A critical step in identifying cell viability or function

Cytotoxicity assays measure the extent to which a compound affects the viability and health of cells.

They are essential in drug discovery, toxicology, and therapeutic development to detect off-target effects, using assays to measure cell viability or membrane integrity (e.g., LDH release, ATP assay) or confirm intended on-target cell killing using more specific assays to confirm mechanisms like apoptosis (e.g., caspase activation, Annexin V).  

We offer a comprehensive range of instrumentation and cellular systems to help design the most appropriate assay, ensuring alignment with experimental goals and the generation of meaningful data.  

Available cytotoxicity assays include:  

Viability assays detecting metabolic changes:  

  • ATP production 
  • Resazurin reduction 
  • Tetrazolium-based assays (MTT/MTS)

Plasma membrane integrity assays:

  • LDH release 
  • Dye exclusion (e.g. trypan blue exclusion, PI exclusion) 
  • Membrane permeability (e.g. Live/Dead assay) 

Organelle integrity assays:

  • Mitochondrial membrane potential 
  • Mitochondrial ROS production
  • Lysosomal pH 
  • Lysosomal enzyme activity 
  • ER stress 

Cell death signaling:

  • Apoptosis (Caspase-3 activity, Annexin V)
  • Necroptosis
  • Pyroptosis (Caspase- 1 activity, IL-1β/IL-18 release, Gasdermin-D release) 

Imaging viable nuclei or cells:

  • Fluorescent labelling and live imaging of viable nuclei and cells
  • High Content Imaging for in-depth morphological changes
  • Kinetic measurement of cell density with IncuCyte 
Download and resource links:
Get started today